Search results for " Nervous System Diseases"
showing 10 items of 73 documents
Neuropathic pain. Redefinition and a grading system for clinical and research purposes.
2008
Pain usually results from activation of nociceptive afferents by actually or potentially tissue-damaging stimuli. Pain may also arise by activity generated within the nervous system without adequate stimulation of its peripheral sensory endings. For this type of pain, the International Association for the Study of Pain introduced the term neuropathic pain, defined as "pain initiated or caused by a primary lesion or dysfunction in the nervous system." While this definition has been useful in distinguishing some characteristics of neuropathic and nociceptive types of pain, it lacks defined boundaries. Since the sensitivity of the nociceptive system is modulated by its adequate activation (e.g…
Secondary tactile hypoesthesia: a novel type of pain-induced somatosensory plasticity in human subjects
2004
Quantitative sensory testing revealed that pain induced by intracutaneous capsaicin injection elicited secondary hyperalgesia coexisting with secondary tactile hypoesthesia. Mapping the areas of altered mechanical sensations adjacent to the capsaicin injection disclosed that the area of secondary hyperalgesia was always nested in a larger area of secondary hypoesthesia easily detected as numbness by most subjects. Psychometric functions revealed a twofold rightward shift of tactile detection (hypoesthesia), which coexisted with a more than fourfold leftward shift of pricking pain detection (hyperalgesia) in the same skin area. As a mechanism we propose a functional switch at the spinal leve…
Analysis of F-wave in metabolic neuropathies: a comparative study in uremic and diabetic patients.
1987
Motor nerve conduction study along the entire length of the ulnar and tibialis posterior nerves was carried out in 30 diabetics compared with 30 uremic patients and 30 control subjects. The conduction in the proximal and the distal nerve segments was evaluated by the determination of the M and F latencies, MNCV (between the stimulus sites), FWCV (between the spinal cord and the stimulus sites), and F-ratio (conduction time ratio of proximal to distal segment). In both groups of patients the lower limbs appear much more involved than the upper, where the ulnar nerve is more commonly affected in uremic than in diabetic patients. In diabetic neuropathy the motor conduction abnormalities are di…
Bovine pericardium for duraplasty: clinical results in 32 patients.
2001
Bovine pericardium has been widely used for grafts in cardiac surgery and seems to have suitable properties for use as a dural graft. We report on the use of solvent-preserved, gamma-sterilized Tutoplast bovine pericardium for dural grafts in 32 patients undergoing cranial and spinal operations with the objective of clinically assessing this material and technique by a retrospective analysis. All available records were reviewed and information regarding the indication for grafting, complications, and outcome were collected and analyzed for all patients. Indications for grafting included tethered cord myelolysis, closure of lumbosacral myeloceles, Chiari decompression, posterior fossa cranio…
Social and motivational functioning is not critically dependent on feedback of autonomic responses: neuropsychological evidence from patients with pu…
2004
Social, emotional and motivational behaviours are associated with production of automatic bodily responses. Re-representation in the brain through feedback of autonomic and skeletomuscular arousal is proposed to underlie "feeling states". These influence emotional judgments and bias motivational decision-making and guide social interactions. Consistent with this hypothesis, dissocial behaviour and deficits on emotional and motivation tasks are associated with blunted bodily responses in patients with orbitofrontal brain lesions or developmental psychopathy. To determine the critical dependence of social and emotional behaviours on bodily responses mediated by the autonomic nervous system, w…
Peripheral Neuropathy in the Hypereosinophilic Syndrome: A Case Report
1989
We observed a patient with the hypereosinophilic syndrome that showed as a prominent clinical feature peripheral nerve dysfunction. The neuropathy evolved over 4 months and affected sensory and motor functions. Nerve conduction studies and EMG were compatible with axonal neuropathy. Nerve and muscle biopsies revealed severe axonal degeneration with neurogenic atrophy of muscle. Morphometry of peroneal nerve showed marked axonal loss, more prominent in large myelinated fibers. There was no evidence of vasculitis process. Neuropathy is produced by eosinophil-released substances exerting a neurotoxic effect through direct altered vascular endothelial permeability and local mast cell histamine …
Association of reduced glyoxalase 1 activity and painful peripheral diabetic neuropathy in type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus patients
2013
Abstract Aims The present study was undertaken to investigate the relationship between glyoxalase 1 (Glo1) enzyme activity and painful diabetic neuropathy (DN) in patients with diabetes mellitus. Methods Glo1 activity and biochemical markers were determined in blood samples from 108 patients with type 1 diabetes, 109 patients with type 2 diabetes, and 132 individuals without diabetes as a control. Painful and painless peripheral DN was assessed and multivariate regression analysis was used to determine independent association of Glo1 activity with occurrence of painful DN. Results In patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus and painful DN compared to patients with painless DN, Glo1…
Endovascular treatment for chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency: is the procedure safe?
2010
Objectives The aim of this report is to assess the safety of endovascular treatment for chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI). Although balloon angioplasty and stenting seem to be safe procedures, there are currently no data on the treatment of a large group of patients with this vascular pathology. Methods A total of 564 endovascular procedures (balloon angioplasty or, if this procedure failed, stenting) were performed during 344 interventions in 331 CCSVI patients with associated multiple sclerosis. Results Balloon angioplasty alone was performed in 192 cases (55.8%), whereas the stenting of at least one vein was required in the remaining 152 cases (44.2%). There were no majo…
Myo-, neuro-, gastrointestinal encephalopathy (MNGIE syndrome) due to partial deficiency of cytochrome-c-oxidase
1987
A 42-year-old woman had a 10-year history of external ophthalmoplegia, malabsorption resulting in chronic malnutrition, muscle atrophy and polyneuropathy. Computer tomography revealed hypodensity of her cerebral white matter. A metabolic disturbance consisted of lactic acidosis after moderate glucose loads with increased excretion of hydroxybutyric and fumaric acids. Post-mortem studies revealed gastrointestinal scleroderma as the morphological manifestation of her malabsorption syndrome, ocular and skeletal myopathy with ragged red fibers, peripheral neuropathy, vascular abnormalities of meningeal and peripheral nerve vessels. Biochemical examination of the liver and muscle tissues reveale…
CNS involvement in OFD1 syndrome: a clinical, molecular, and neuroimaging study
2014
Background Oral-facial-digital type 1 syndrome (OFD1; OMIM 311200) belongs to the expanding group of disorders ascribed to ciliary dysfunction. With the aim of contributing to the understanding of the role of primary cilia in the central nervous system (CNS), we performed a thorough characterization of CNS involvement observed in this disorder. Methods A cohort of 117 molecularly diagnosed OFD type I patients was screened for the presence of neurological symptoms and/or cognitive/behavioral abnormalities on the basis of the available information supplied by the collaborating clinicians. Seventy-one cases showing CNS involvement were further investigated through neuroimaging studies and neur…